{"id":15008,"date":"2024-03-08T18:50:12","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T16:50:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/?p=15008"},"modified":"2024-04-17T12:13:25","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T09:13:25","slug":"femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Trapped in Darkness: Women in Europe remain defenseless against gender-based violence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=&#8221;Trapped in Darkness&#8221; subhead=&#8221;Women in Europe remain defenseless against gender-based violence&#8221; button_one_url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.europeandatajournalism.eu\/eng\/News\/Data-news\/How-Europe-s-prisons-have-fared-in-the-Covid-19-pandemic&#8221; title_tablet=&#8221;Trapped in Darkness&#8221; title_phone=&#8221;Trapped in Darkness&#8221; title_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; content_tablet=&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: center;%22><em><br \/><i>A new cross-border data investigation by MIIR reveals gaps in the registration of femicides in Europe and Greece and the ineffective protection of women against crimes of sexual, physical, psychological and economic violence over the last decade. <\/i><br \/><\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: center;%22>8\/3\/2024<\/p>\n<p>&#8221; content_phone=&#8221;<\/p>\n<h6> <\/h6>\n<h6> <\/h6>\n<h6 style=%22text-align: center;%22>A new cross-border data investigation by MIIR reveals gaps in the registration of femicides in Europe and Greece and the ineffective protection of women against crimes of sexual, physical, psychological and economic violence over the last decade.<\/h6>\n<h6> <\/h6>\n<h6> <\/h6>\n<h6 style=%22text-align: center;%22>8\/3\/2024<\/h6>\n<p>&#8221; content_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; content_max_width_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; content_max_width_phone=&#8221;100%&#8221; content_max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; title_level=&#8221;h3&#8243; content_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; content_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;337deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;rgba(10,11,48,0.72) 86%|rgba(255,137,141,0.26) 100%&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;rgba(10,11,48,0.72)&#8221; background_color_gradient_start_position=&#8221;86%&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(255,137,141,0.26)&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2024_miir_Cover-4.png&#8221; background_position=&#8221;center&#8221; background_blend=&#8221;soft-light&#8221; vertical_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; horizontal_offset_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; width_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; width_phone=&#8221;100%&#8221; width_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; min_height=&#8221;447px&#8221; overflow-y=&#8221;hidden&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||57px|||&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;0px|0px|5px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; title_font_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; title_font_phone=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; title_font_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; title_font_size_tablet=&#8221;25px&#8221; title_font_size_phone=&#8221;20px&#8221; title_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; title_line_height_tablet=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; title_line_height_phone=&#8221;1.1em&#8221; title_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; content_font_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; content_font_phone=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; content_font_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; content_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; content_font_size_phone=&#8221;10px&#8221; content_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; content_line_height_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; content_line_height_phone=&#8221;1em&#8221; content_line_height_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; z_index_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243; background_layout_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; background_layout_phone=&#8221;&#8221; background_layout_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; overflow-x_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; overflow-x_phone=&#8221;&#8221; overflow-x_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; overflow-y_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; overflow-y_phone=&#8221;visible&#8221; overflow-y_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; title_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; title_text_shadow_horizontal_length=&#8221;0.12em&#8221; title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; content_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; subhead_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; subhead_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; subhead_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; content_link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; content_ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; content_ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; content_quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; content_quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; button_one_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; button_one_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; button_one_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; button_two_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; button_two_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; button_two_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_image_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_image_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_image_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_image_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_button_one_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_button_one_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_button_one_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_button_one_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_button_two_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_button_two_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_button_two_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_button_two_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A new cross-border data investigation by MIIR reveals gaps in the registration of femicides in Europe and Greece and the ineffective protection of women against crimes of sexual, physical, psychological and economic violence over the last decade.<\/span><\/i><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">8\/3\/2024<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;121px&#8221; height=&#8221;224px&#8221; max_height=&#8221;1000px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;9px||8px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||2px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;\u039a\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-9px||6px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||8px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Authors: Janine Louloudi, Kostas Zafeiropoulos, Nikos Morfonios (MIIR)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Data Analysis \u2013 Visualizations:\u00a0 Konstantina Maltepioti\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><strong>Illustration: Louiza Karageorgiou<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;1448px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-40px||25px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;45px||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;1055px&#8221; height=&#8221;645px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-30px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||11px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;768px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-30px||-158px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><b><i>\u201cMommy, he told me he&#8217;s going to cut my throat\u2026&#8221;<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mommy, Mommy, Mommy I&#8217;m dying!<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;. Salamina, Friday night, December 1, 2023. 74-year-old Evangelia hears her 43-year-old daughter, Georgia Poutou, on the other end of the phone line, pleading for help. She quickly realises that her daughter has once again been beaten up by her partner. From her home she calls the police to send a patrol car, but her plea falls on deaf ears.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, she herself rushes to her daughter&#8217;s house. When she arrives, she sees Georgia lying outside in the garden of the house, bleeding. The woman cannot walk, her ankle is broken and her knees are badly knocked out. The perpetrator is nowhere to be found. The battered woman, along with her mother and her 15-year-old son &#8211; a disabled child &#8211; set off for the island&#8217;s police station.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The policemen there won&#8217;t take a statement: \u2018<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Go to the health centre, bring the doctors&#8217; report and then come back to press charges<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019, they say. No mobilization takes place to arrest the violent offender, no concern for the victim.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The next day the physically abused woman herself insists on going to the police, even though her mother discourages her, fearing the worst. \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mommy, he said he&#8217;s going to cut my throat<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, Georgia replies, as her devastated mother tells MIIR. The same fear pushes Georgia to seek protection. It was not her first savage beating by her 71-year-old partner, who has reportedly been convicted of assaulting another woman in the past &#8211; not that this has any restraining effect.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the station she finds other police officers who finally take her statement, advising her not to stay in her house and placing the &#8220;panic button&#8221; app on her phone, so that she can call for help if she needs it. It wasn&#8217;t enough.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three days later, on the morning of December 5, Georgia falls dead. Her abuser sought her out at her mother&#8217;s house where she had taken refuge. He shot her twice with a shotgun through the glass of the front-door, fatally wounding her in the abdomen and chest. The assailant was arrested but it was too late. Georgia was the 12th femicide victim for 2023 in Greece.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Femicides without end in Greece and Europe\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no official record of femicide in Greece, and the government insists that there is no reason to make femicide an crime in its own right. This is despite the fact that <\/span><b>the number of women murdered or subjected to violence by men remains extremely high<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the country. The consolidation of violence against women both in Greece and in Europe is reflected in the cross-border data investigation conducted for a second year by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/the-undeclared-war-on-women-in-europe-part-1\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mediterranean Institute of Investigative Journalism (MIIR)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> together with 14 other European journalism organisations in the context of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europeandatajournalism.eu\/femicides-in-europe\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Data Journalism Network<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (EDJNet).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the needs of the investigation and in order to address the pan-European lack of comparable data on violence against women, the participating teams sought and contributed as up-to-date data as possible through requests to the relevant authorities in each country for the period 2014-2023. Data were analysed based on two primary sources: the reports of the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/publications-resources\/publications\/eiges-indicators-intimate-partner-violence-rape-and-femicide-eu-state-play\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> European Institute for Gender Equality<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><b>EIGE<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; provided data up to 2018) and <\/span><b>EUROSTAT <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(data up to 2021). EIGE focuses on indicators measuring intimate partner violence, rape and femicide, while Eurostat focuses on intentional homicides, paying particular attention to the victim-offender relationship (partner or family member). It should be noted that EIGE considers this definition of intentional homicide by a partner or relative to be the closest to femicide. In our analysis we only included data that we were confident were consistent with EIGE standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By counting femicides based on data analysed to EIGE standards, we estimate at least <\/span><b>4221<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> victims in Europe between 2012-2022 (comparable data for Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Ireland, Poland and Romania are not available and not all countries have data for every year).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17033154\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If anything, the above figure gives evidence of <\/span><b>underreporting of femicide<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by police authorities. This is because Eurostat&#8217;s crime statistics show that in Europe, in a total of 27 countries, <\/span><b>14143 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intentional homicides of women happened in the same decade (regardless of the perpetrator). Of these, based on available data we analysed (for 19 countries), at least <\/span><b>6806 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are intentional homicides of women by current\/former partners (<\/span><b>4334<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and family members (<\/span><b>2472<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). One realises that if there is more diligence in data collection and proper recording of the victim-perpetrator relationship by the police, then the resulting number of femicides could prove to be truly staggering.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class='et-box et-shadow'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='et-box-content'><strong>Definition of Femicide <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) explains \u201cFemicide is broadly defined as the killing of a woman or girl because of her gender, and can take different forms\u201d. It is worth mentioning that EIGE adopts the statistical definition of \u201cthe killing of a woman by an intimate partner and the death of a woman as a result of a practice that is harmful to women\u201d, and places crimes pertaining to these characteristics to \u201cIndicator 9\u201d which measures the deaths of female femicide victims aged 18 and older. In Greece there is no specific law for the criminal prosecution of the act of femicide, and so the phenomenon is monitored in the country through the collection of data regarding the female victims of intentional homicide, while the relationship with the perpetrator is generated in combination with the law for the handling of domestic violence.<\/div><\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;273px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;14px||12px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17026273\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-30px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;2px||5px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<b>2 femicides per month in Greece<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the most updated figures we received from the Hellenic Police, the number of female victims of intentional homicides by male partners in 2024 was already <\/span><b>5<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> until February 29th.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on the most recently released femicide data for 2022 (EIGE standards), Greece saw a 4.3% increase compared to 2021, from 23 to 24 victims, confirming that at least 2 women per month died at the hands of a partner and\/or someone in their domestic environment. Germany also showed a significant increase (22%). France and Italy had a decrease of 3.3% and 12.9% respectively compared to 2021, but still have a significantly high number of female victims of femicide (118 and 61 victims respectively in 2022). On the other hand, Slovakia and Cyprus &#8211; which remains the only EU country where femicide is recognised as a specific crime as of 2022 &#8211; saw a large decrease 50% and 60% respectively.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5px||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;11px||6px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17038863\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;38px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||10px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-30px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5px||8px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;27px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the data updated for 2021 in the Eurostat database on female intentional homicides by male partners, it appears that Greece recorded the largest increase (200%) in 2021 compared to 2020 and 4.3% in 2022 compared to 2021.\u00a0 The other four countries that recorded an increase in 2021 were Lithuania ( 83.3%), Sweden (15.4%), Italy (4.5%) and France (4.3%).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In terms of the highest increases for the decade 2012 to 2022, data analysed by EIGE standards show that Greece had the highest increase in femicides in 2021 with an increase of 155.6% to 23 femicides compared to 9 in 2020 (note: in last year&#8217;s report the number of victims for 2020 was estimated as 8 by police). The second highest number is in Sweden, which saw a 120% increase in 2018 (22 femicides) compared to 2017 (10), followed by Slovakia, which saw a 66.7% increase in 2020, and Croatia with 28.6% compared to 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on newly available data for 2021, the European average number for femicides by intimate partners (EIGE) per 100.000 women (based on the 10 countries that provided data) is 0.39, a figure that corresponds to almost 4 women per million. Based on Eurostat, the average number of intentional female homicides by an intimate partner in 2021 for the exact same countries as EIGE is 2.4 per 100.000 women, a number that is lower than the official data we collected from national authorities for these countries, which could be indicative of how femicides are not correctly reported to Eurostat.<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17037856\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2021 and 2022 a total of 735 women were murdered by their intimate partner. Overall, the year with the most women killed by their partner was 2017 with a total of 566 women (EIGE standards), a percentage change of 1.6%.\u00a0 The same year also saw the highest number (785) of female intentional homicides (Eurostat) by a male family member and a partner, and the highest number of female intentional homicides by a partner (511). The high number of recorded femicides in both EIGE and EUROSTAT could perhaps be explained by improved data collection on behalf of police authorities or it could highlight a bigger problem for 2017, since a steady rise of homicides was recorded in the previous years both in EIGE and in EUROSTAT data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Unofficial sources are better at monitoring<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the purposes of the investigation the participating teams also collected data from unofficial sources, such as local monitoring groups for the recording of femicides. Such organizations mostly monitor media coverage with the aim of countering the underreporting of violence against women. This choice was made in order to compare the official number of femicides with the unofficial one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17061046\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;44px||1px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-30px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;4px||5px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;5px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For 2020 and 2021, the non-official number of femicides recorded by the\u00a0Greek section of the\u00a0European Observatory on Femicide was higher in Greece than the official number by 2.1 times in 2020 (19 vs. 9 victims), 1.34 times in 2021 (31 vs. 23) and 1 in 2022 (25 vs. 24).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method also allows us to gain insight into countries such as Belgium that does not have any recent data in the Eurostat or Eige databases. However non-official sources estimate 101 femicides took place from 2020 to 2023 (source: &#8220;Stop Feminicide Belgie&#8221;). Significantly higher numbers of femicides compared to official sources are estimated for recent years by non-official sources in Italy, France and Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Violence of all forms against women in Greece is on the rise<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Femicides are often the last and irreversible stage in a process of escalating violence from the perpetrators to the victim, as the recent case in Salamina has proved. For the data investigation we analysed other indicators relating to physical, psychological, economic and sexual violence in order to highlight the variation in the number of women victims of each form of violence in recent years across Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In terms of physical and sexual violence, in Greece the pandemic period was characterized by a frightening increase (110.2%) in victims of physical violence in 2020 (3609 women) and 70.9% in 2021 (6166 women), while victims of sexual violence had increased in the same two-year period from 69 to 147. The evolution of the phenomenon is even more disheartening for 2022, where a 20.5% increase in physical violence was recorded with 7430 victims, and an explosion in sexual violence (268.7%) with 542 female victims.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In contrast, Cyprus -in the year when it legally ratified femicide- saw a 9% decrease in physical violence incidents with 1752 victims in 2022 from 1925 in 2021, when it had seen a 78.9% increase in physical violence incidents compared to 2020 (1076 victims).<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17038943\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;50px||2px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-50px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px||5px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-32px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;45px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greece in 2021 and 2020 was, based on available data, the country with the highest increase in psychological violence: 108.4% and 104.6% respectively. This trend continued in 2022, where there was an increase of 28%. In psychological violence in 2022, Slovakia recorded an increase of 4.1%, while Italy and Cyprus recorded a decrease of 0.3% and 5.2% respectively. EIGE has repeatedly highlighted the significant increase in psychological violence during and after the pandemic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cData-collection systems across the EU member States remain very heterogeneous, as they are grounded in national crime statistics or other administrative data sources on homicide (from the judiciary or health system) or from non-governmental organisations\u2019 media analysis. Therefore, data is not comparable, making measurement across member states currently not possible\u201d, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">explains <\/span><b>Cristina Fabre Rosell<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0who works as Gender-based Violence Team Leader at the European Institute for Gender Equality, adding that gender-based violent crimes remain under-reported. This makes tackling violence against women and developing policies that reinforce gender equality problematic. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/gender-equality-index\/2023\/country\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender Equality Index for 2023<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is indicative of this, as countries such as Greece, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania that are at the bottom of the list, do seem to have problems in addressing violence against women.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>When it comes to economic violence against women in Europe (this is the suffocating financial control or financial bleeding that a man may exert towards his current or former partner), based on available data (2019-2022), four countries show decreases in victims: Serbia, Germany, Croatia and Slovakia. Greece had no data available at all before 2021, but in 2022, <b>1626<\/b> women victims of economic violence were recorded for the first time in our country.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, as revealed by the investigation, there is a remarkable Europe-wide increase in the appeal for help from victims of domestic violence or third parties to national support lines, such as the &#8220;SOS 15900 Line&#8221; in Greece. For 2022, the largest increases are found in Spain (21.51%), Greece (17.28%) and Ireland (19.66%). However, in 2023 in Greece, unlike other countries, a decrease (-21.62%) was observed (-21.62%), without knowing whether this is related to fewer incidents of violence or a tendency to avoid calling for help on the part of women.\u00a0<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;18px||13px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code admin_label=&#8221;Code&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17026151\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;127px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-45px|auto|-6px|auto|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-20px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||25px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<b>Defenseless against rape and sexual assault<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The area that most reveals the plight of women in Europe, and the one that causes the greatest political tension, is that of rape.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Greece, rapes increased by 34.1% in 2022 (from 226 to 303 women) and 79.4% in 2021. Police data for 2023 indicates towards a consolidation of the high number of victims (294 women).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain recorded a significant increase in rapes in 2022 (140.7%), while the Czech Republic had a large increase in both years (25.9% in 2021, 11.1% in 2022). Slovakia (7.5%), Croatia (11.3%), Cyprus (5.6%), Ireland (3.2%) and Romania (2%) also recorded an increase in rapes in 2022.\u00a0<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|auto|-10px|auto||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;8px||5px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-map\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17038091\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;1px|auto||auto||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-20px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;29px||26px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aggregated data from Eurostat&#8217;s database shows that 2021 was the year with the highest number of rapes in Europe &#8211; a total of <\/span><b>61,059<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and an <\/span><b>increase in 17<\/b> <b>of the member states<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, confirming the findings of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/the-undeclared-war-on-women-in-europe-part-1\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MIIR\u2019s 2023 investigation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of an increase in violence against women with the end of the pandemic. The number is likely to be higher as rape is considered a crime that is systematically underreported by police authorities, and there are significant differences between the definition of rape. A prominent example is Hungary where changing legislation now includes rape within the crime of sexual assault, without distinguishing between different victims. Among the countries with consistently high numbers of rapes per 100,000 women between 2012-2022 are Sweden, France, Denmark, Finland and Austria. For 2022 in Europe the average number of female rape victims per 100,000 women is almost 12.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Apart from the extent of the phenomenon, we also analysed the evolution in the penal treatment of perpetrators of rape and sexual assault over time.<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;2px|auto||auto||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;1px||6px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;8px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;19px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17062574\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With regards to rape, by calculating the median percentage change in the number of female rape victims and that of perpetrators prosecuted for rape, we can observe that the increases or decreases tend to follow each other. Serbia has a median change of -4.7% for rape prosecuted perpetrators and a median change of 6.9% for rape victims. Finland had a median change of 8.4% in the number of rape victims and a median change of -2.2% in the number of perpetrators prosecuted for rape. Both countries have a smaller difference in the median percentage changes when it comes to rapes than sexual assaults.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Rape as a field of confrontation<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issue of rape has significantly divided the European Union, as shown by the recent negotiations to reach an agreement across member states on the new EU Directive on combatting violence against women and domestic violence, initially proposed two years ago.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On February 6, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20240205IPR17412\/first-ever-eu-rules-on-combating-violence-against-women-deal-reached\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a provisional agreement was finally reached <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">between the European Parliament and Council on EU-wide rules to combat gender-based violence and protect its victims, especially women and victims of domestic violence. It includes minimum standard rules on the protection of women victims of violence, criminalisation of certain forms of gender-based violence, tougher rules on cyber violence, better access to justice, protection and prevention, as well as establishing enhanced reporting and evidence gathering by authorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the adoption of a controversial article on rape (Article 5), which would have made any sexual act without consent a criminal offence, was not achieved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Patriarchy<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Firstly, it is a directive covering many criminal law aspects so negotiations took more time. Secondly working on women\u2019s rights is always difficult because of patriarchal structures that are still guiding our societies unfortunately. The main obstacle was to get consent based rape legislation included which we did not manage to get in the end. There was a lot of resistance from several member states to this even though rape is the most widespread and serious form of gender based violence<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, explains Swedish <\/span><b>MEP Evin Incir<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (S&amp;D), who is the European Parliament\u2019s co-chief rapporteur on gender-based violence in the committee on civil liberties (LIBE).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an interview with MIIR, MEP Incir added that <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cthe concept of &#8216;rape&#8217; is highly debated due to deep-rooted patriarchal norms in society. It&#8217;s challenging to reach an agreement that defines sex without consent as rape, as outlined in the Istanbul Convention. However, we&#8217;re optimistic that our recent negotiation success in including a provision on preventing rape based on lack of consent, will prompt a shift in societal attitudes across Europe. This, in turn, could generate the necessary pressure for national governments to update their legal definitions to align with international human rights standards, such as those set forth in the Istanbul Convention. Looking ahead, we anticipate the European Commission to propose new legislation specifically addressing rape, building upon this progress<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The far right (also) threatens women<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MEP Incir explains that the significance of the Directive \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is further underscored by the looming threat of a right-wing surge in the EU, emphasizing the imperative for such protective measures. While it may not meet all our aspirations, this directive sets a foundational standard and serves as a starting point for progress, reinforcing the commitment to never regress on these critical advancements\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This concern about the changing political and social environment in Europe in relation to the increase in violence against women is also expressed by <\/span><b>Cristina Fabre Rosell, EIGE\u2019s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gender-based Violence Team Leader, who told MIIR that \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two years after the Covid pandemic we don&#8217;t know if it&#8217;s still because of it, or because extreme forms of violence against women have increased due to different causes that are also related to the increase of the far right movements and the anti-gender narrative. We need to do more research on this, for me rape is a burning form of violence that demands our attentionFirst and foremost we must work towards better prevention<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The missed opportunity in Greece<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Directive is expected to be formally adopted by the European Parliament and the Council and then,\u00a0 in the near future, enter into force. Member states will then have three years to implement it. In Greece an attempt to regulate prevention and combatting domestic violence against women came with the recent bill of the Ministry of Justice, which was voted in parliament with rapid procedures, focusing on the tightening of penalties for domestic violence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significant organisations and collectives (European Anti-Violence Network, Diotima Centre, Mov, etc.) denounced the fact that their comments in the consultation process before the bill was passed were not taken into account. Most importantly, they denounced the introduction of amendments to the draft law which did not take into account the urgent recommendations of the <\/span><b>GREVIO Committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (the independent authority monitoring the implementation of the Council of Europe&#8217;s Istanbul Convention) to the Greek government, as reflected in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/grevio-s-baseline-evaluation-report-on-legislative-and-other-measures-\/1680ad469d\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the first evaluation report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> delivered to the Greek authorities last November.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among GREVIO&#8217;s recommendations is the need for the Greek authorities to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significantly strengthen the coordination of the response to the needs of women victims of all forms of violence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Support and further develop the network of specialised support services and adequately address the needs of all women victims of all forms of violence.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expand the number and capacity of shelters for women victims of violence throughout the country &#8211; currently there are only 20 shelters for women victims of violence, with a total capacity of around 450 individual beds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that accommodation is available to women in emergency situations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that women victims of violence have adequate access to social services that meet their needs and facilitate their recovery from violence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Move forward with the establishment of rape crisis centres and\/or sexual violence referral centres that provide immediate medical care, trauma support, forensic examinations and immediate, short- and long-term psychological support.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Dr Kiki Petroulaki<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, psychologist and chair of the Board of the European Ant-Violence Network, explains that apart from the significant gaps in the protection of victims of abuse, the bill does not clarify the concept of consent in the definition of Rape, and it does not state that any sexual act or behaviour must be the product of free will. Thus lewd acts may be tried as misdemeanors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is also no provision in the new law for speeding up procedures and to prioritise trials for domestic violence incidents, although since November 2021, a circular issued by the Supreme Court prosecutor, Vasilis Pliotas, called on prosecutors to intervene imminently, to further the process of arresting the presumed perpetrators of such crimes and for the related criminal cases to be heard as a matter of priority in court, so as to avoid all delays in delivering justice.\u00a0In fact, the circular explicitly mentioned the term \u201cfemicide\u201d &#8211; the first time a senior prosecutor had made an argument for the legal adoption of the term in Greece &#8211; and also called for victims of domestic violence to be supported when reporting violent behaviour against them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Impunity<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the needs of the data investigation we tried to estimate the proportion of male offenders who are prosecuted for violence against women and end up in prison.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on our analysis, Greece has an extremely low and disproportionate conviction rate for domestic violence perpetrators compared to the number of prosecutions. In 2017 the conviction rate was 2.9%, in 2018 it was 2% and in 2019 it was 1.9%. In 2021 the rate increased to 3.2%. This means that just <\/span><b>3 in 100 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">men who are criminally prosecuted, are then convicted to imprisonment. The Greek authorities did not offer data for 2022.<\/span><br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17040942\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analysing data (EIGE) on average in Lithuania the estimate is 21%, in Croatia 22.26% and in Spain 30%.\u00a0 Spain has an overall steady increase in the number of convictions each year, with a 28.3% increase in 2015 compared to 2014, 29.6% in 2016 compared to 2015, 30.3% in 2017 compared to 2016 and 31% in 2018 compared to 2017. Croatia also shows an almost continuous increase in convictions. In 2015 it had an increase of 21.5% compared to 2014 and reached an increase of 22.9% in 2018 compared to 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is worth noting that the absolute figures may not fully reflect the situation in the reference year and that there may be anomalies in the data. For example, the registration of an offender in 2020 does not mean that the offense was committed in 2020, and similarly the imprisonment of an offender in 2020 does not mean that he committed the offense in the same year. For this reason, these rates are a relative estimate of the relationship between prosecutions and imprisonment of perpetrators of crimes of violence against women, recorded in a given time period, and should be interpreted as an indicator of a trend.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I don&#8217;t think that manifestations of violence against women should be misdemeanours. Criminalisation is a way of dealing with violence. But criminalisation without prevention doesn&#8217;t work. We can&#8217;t rely on tightening penalties without prevention measures. This can have the opposite effect, such as increasing hatred against women. This is not the way to change attitudes, we see it with femicide, where harsh penalties do not prevent men from killing women\u201d,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> says EIGE\u2019s <\/span><b>Cristina Fabre Rosell,\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adding that member states need to invest in cross-sectoral cooperation between competent authorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Secondary victimisation\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a4he communication gap between the relevant agencies, according to Dr Petroulaki, leaves women completely unprotected and vulnerable to secondary victimisation in a lengthy criminal procedure, which, she points out, is not monitored over time in its entirety. \u201cEven if a restraining order has been granted, who monitors its implementation and what happens if it is violated? No one and nothing\u201d, she states. This in turn exacerbates the feeling of impunity among perpetrators, who repeat and escalate the pattern of violence and, as the data shows, even go as far as femicide.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the same impunity that armed the hand of the murderer of 43-year-old Georgia last December in Salamina.\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/\u0393\u03b9\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1_\u0398\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1-\u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;\u0393\u03b9\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1_\u0398\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; filter_saturate=&#8221;0%&#8221; filter_contrast=&#8221;116%&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset5&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">One of the last photos posted by Georgia Poutou on Facebook 6 days before the murder<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;446px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class='et-box et-shadow'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='et-box-content'><strong>Investigation id<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4his cross-border data-based investigation was organised and coordinated by the Mediterranean Institute for Investigative Journalism (<a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/\">MIIR.gr<\/a>) within the framework of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europeandatajournalism.eu\/\">European Data Journalism Network (EDJNet)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Data analysis and visualisations was conducted by Konstantina Maltepioti &#8211; MIIR.\nData analysis check was performed by EUrologus\/HVG.\nIllustrations were prepared by Louiza Karageorgiou.<\/p>\n<p>15 EDJNet members participated in this investigation, which was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024:\u00a0MIIR (Greece),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elconfidencial.com\/\">El Confidencial<\/a>\u00a0(Spain),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alternatives-economiques.fr\/\">Alternatives Economiques<\/a>\u00a0(France),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesoir.be\/\">Le Soir<\/a>\u00a0(Belgium),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/divergente.pt\/en\/\">Divergente<\/a>\u00a0(Portugal),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/voxeurop.eu\/en\/\">VoxEurop<\/a>\u00a0(Belgium, Italy, Luxemburg),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/podcrto.si\/\">Pod \u010drto<\/a>\u00a0(Slovenia),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.noteworthy.ie\/\">Noteworthy<\/a>\u00a0(Ireland),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hvg.hu\/eurologus\">EUrologus\/HVG<\/a>\u00a0(Hungary),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/denikreferendum.cz\/\">Den\u00edk Referendum<\/a>\u00a0(Czechia),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pressone.ro\/\">PressOne<\/a>\u00a0(Romania),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delfi.lt\/en\/\">Delfi<\/a>\u00a0(Lithuania),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dennikn.sk\/\">Dennik N<\/a>\u00a0(Slovakia),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.balcanicaucaso.org\/eng\">OBC Transeuropa<\/a>\u00a0(Croatia) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/biqdata.wyborcza.pl\/biqdata\/0,0.html\">BIQdata\/Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a>\u00a0(Poland).<\/p>\n<p>The investigation is published on March 8 2024 on <a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\">miir.gr<\/a> and EfSyn Newspaper, as well as on EDJNet and partners websites.<\/div><\/div>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<div class='et-box et-shadow'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='et-box-content'><p><b>The Methodology of the Investigation<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following up on last year&#8217;s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/the-undeclared-war-on-women-in-europe-part-1\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Undeclared War on Women&#8221; investigation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that looked at the pandemic period, MIIR, together with a total of 14 European media outlets within the framework of\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europeandatajournalism.eu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EDJNet<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, attempted to generate the most up to date map of violence against women in Europe today. By requesting statistical figures from the competent national authorities for the years 2012-2023, MIIR created a new database which contains important findings for the direction of gender-based violence in European countries.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The research was based on two primary data sources. The first of these are the EIGE indicators for recording intimate partner violence against women and femicide by male perpetrators, as included in the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/publications\/gender-equality-index-2021-report\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2021 Gender Equality Report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which includes data up to 2018. EIGE defines \u201cintimate partner violence\u201d as any act of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence that occurs between former or current spouses or partners, regardless of whether they live in the same house. The teams participating in the investigation sought and contributed as up-to-date data as possible, which was audited based on EIGE guidelines.\u00a0As a second source and tool for informal \u201cverification\u201d of the results, Eurostat databases were used, providing data for the crimes of intentional homicides, rapes and sexual assaults, where the perpetrator is a partner or family member, up until 2021, as well as some details on the criminal sanctions against perpetrators. In the case of Greece, data was collected from the General Secretariat for Gender Equality, which in turn collected data from the Hellenic Police and the Ministry of Justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For more reliable results, due to both incomplete data and different methods of recording femicides based on the EIGE index from country to country, a choice was made to compare not absolute numbers but rather the percentage change in femicides between years, for those countries with available data. In addition, the data was extrapolated to comparable rates per 100,000 population.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For more on the methodology of the investigation, you can read <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lab.imedd.org\/en\/femicides-methodology\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the report by Thanasis Troboukis and iMEdD Lab<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who conducted the data analysis and visualizations in 2023.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Image-2-1.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Image-2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Image-2-1.jpg&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new cross-border data investigation by MIIR reveals gaps in the registration of femicides in Europe and Greece and the ineffective protection of women against crimes of sexual, physical, psychological and economic violence over the last decade. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":14871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" background_image=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Mobile-4.png\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"Trapped in Darkness\" subhead=\"Women in Europe remain defenseless against gender-based violence\" button_one_url=\"https:\/\/www.europeandatajournalism.eu\/eng\/News\/Data-news\/How-Europe-s-prisons-have-fared-in-the-Covid-19-pandemic\" title_tablet=\"Trapped in Darkness\" title_phone=\"Trapped in Darkness\" title_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" content_tablet=\"<\/p><p><em><br \/><i>A new cross-border data investigation by MIIR reveals gaps in the registration of femicides in Europe and Greece and the ineffective protection of women against crimes of sexual, physical, psychological and economic violence over the last decade. <\/i><br \/><\/em><\/p><p>8\/3\/2024<\/p><p>\" content_phone=\"<\/p><h6><i>A new cross-border data investigation by MIIR reveals gaps in the registration of femicides in Europe and Greece and the ineffective protection of women against crimes of sexual, physical, psychological and economic violence over the last decade. <\/i><\/h6><h6>8\/3\/2024<\/h6><p>\" content_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" content_max_width_tablet=\"\" content_max_width_phone=\"100%\" content_max_width_last_edited=\"on|phone\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" title_level=\"h3\" content_font=\"||||||||\" content_text_align=\"left\" background_color_gradient_direction=\"337deg\" background_color_gradient_stops=\"rgba(10,11,48,0.72) 86%|rgba(255,137,141,0.26) 100%\" background_color_gradient_start=\"rgba(10,11,48,0.72)\" background_color_gradient_start_position=\"86%\" background_color_gradient_end=\"rgba(255,137,141,0.26)\" background_image=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2024_miir_Cover-4.png\" background_position=\"center\" background_blend=\"soft-light\" vertical_offset_tablet=\"0\" horizontal_offset_tablet=\"0\" width_tablet=\"\" width_phone=\"100%\" width_last_edited=\"on|phone\" min_height=\"447px\" overflow-y=\"hidden\" custom_margin_tablet=\"||||false|false\" custom_margin_phone=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|phone\" custom_padding=\"||57px|||\" custom_padding_tablet=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_phone=\"0px|0px|5px|0px|false|false\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" title_font_tablet=\"\" title_font_phone=\"|700|||||||\" title_font_last_edited=\"on|phone\" title_font_size_tablet=\"25px\" title_font_size_phone=\"20px\" title_font_size_last_edited=\"on|phone\" title_line_height_tablet=\"1.2em\" title_line_height_phone=\"1.1em\" title_line_height_last_edited=\"on|phone\" content_font_tablet=\"\" content_font_phone=\"||||||||\" content_font_last_edited=\"on|phone\" content_font_size_tablet=\"\" content_font_size_phone=\"10px\" content_font_size_last_edited=\"on|phone\" content_line_height_tablet=\"\" content_line_height_phone=\"1em\" content_line_height_last_edited=\"on|phone\" z_index_tablet=\"0\" background_layout_tablet=\"\" background_layout_phone=\"\" background_layout_last_edited=\"on|phone\" overflow-x_tablet=\"\" overflow-x_phone=\"\" overflow-x_last_edited=\"on|phone\" overflow-y_tablet=\"\" overflow-y_phone=\"visible\" overflow-y_last_edited=\"on|phone\" title_text_shadow_style=\"preset1\" title_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\"0.12em\" title_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" title_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" title_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" content_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" subhead_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" subhead_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" subhead_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" content_link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" content_ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" content_ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" content_quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" content_quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" button_one_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" button_one_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" button_one_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" button_two_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" button_two_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" button_two_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_blur_tablet=\"40px\" box_shadow_spread_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_horizontal_image_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_vertical_image_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_blur_image_tablet=\"40px\" box_shadow_spread_image_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_horizontal_button_one_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_vertical_button_one_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_blur_button_one_tablet=\"40px\" box_shadow_spread_button_one_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_horizontal_button_two_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_vertical_button_two_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_blur_button_two_tablet=\"40px\" box_shadow_spread_button_two_tablet=\"0px\" text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/h1><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/h1><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A new cross-border data investigation by MIIR reveals gaps in the registration of femicides in Europe and Greece and the ineffective protection of women against crimes of sexual, physical, psychological and economic violence over the last decade.<\/span><\/i><\/h1><p style=\"text-align: center;\">8\/3\/2024<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"121px\" height=\"224px\" max_height=\"1000px\" custom_padding=\"9px||8px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"0px||2px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"\u039a\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-9px||6px|||\" custom_padding=\"0px||8px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\u00a0<\/p><p><em><strong>Authors: Janine Louloudi, Nikos Morfonios, Kostas Zafeiropoulos (MIIR)<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p><em><strong>Data Analysis \u2013 Visualizations:\u00a0 Konstantina Maltepioti\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p><em><strong>Illustration: Louiza Karageorgiou<\/strong><\/em>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"1448px\" custom_margin=\"-40px||25px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"45px||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"1055px\" height=\"645px\" custom_margin=\"-30px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||11px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"768px\" custom_margin=\"-30px||-158px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<b><i>\u201cMommy, he told me he's going to cut my throat\u2026\"<\/i><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mommy, Mommy, Mommy I'm dying!<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\". Salamina, Friday night, December 1, 2023. 74-year-old Evangelia hears her 43-year-old daughter, Georgia Poutou, on the other end of the phone line, pleading for help. She quickly realises that her daughter has once again been beaten up by her partner. From her home she calls the police to send a patrol car, but her plea falls on deaf ears.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, she herself rushes to her daughter's house. When she arrives, she sees Georgia lying outside in the garden of the house, bleeding. The woman cannot walk, her ankle is broken and her knees are badly knocked out. The perpetrator is nowhere to be found. The battered woman, along with her mother and her 15-year-old son - a disabled child - set off for the island's police station.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The policemen there won't take a statement: \u2018<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Go to the health centre, bring the doctors' report and then come back to press charges<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019, they say. No mobilization takes place to arrest the violent offender, no concern for the victim.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The next day the physically abused woman herself insists on going to the police, even though her mother discourages her, fearing the worst. \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mommy, he said he's going to cut my throat<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, Georgia replies, as her devastated mother tells MIIR. The same fear pushes Georgia to seek protection. It was not her first savage beating by her 71-year-old partner, who has reportedly been convicted of assaulting another woman in the past - not that this has any restraining effect.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the station she finds other police officers who finally take her statement, advising her not to stay in her house and placing the \"panic button\" app on her phone, so that she can call for help if she needs it. It wasn't enough.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three days later, on the morning of December 5, Georgia falls dead. Her abuser sought her out at her mother's house where she had taken refuge. He shot her twice with a shotgun through the glass of the front-door, fatally wounding her in the abdomen and chest. The assailant was arrested but it was too late. Georgia was the 12th femicide victim for 2023 in Greece.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Femicides without end in Greece and Europe\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no official record of femicide in Greece, and the government insists that there is no reason to make femicide an crime in its own right. This is despite the fact that <\/span><b>the number of women murdered or subjected to violence by men remains extremely high<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the country. The consolidation of violence against women both in Greece and in Europe is reflected in the cross-border data investigation conducted for a second year by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/the-undeclared-war-on-women-in-europe-part-1\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mediterranean Institute of Investigative Journalism (MIIR)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> together with 14 other European journalism organisations in the context of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europeandatajournalism.eu\/femicides-in-europe\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European Data Journalism Network<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (EDJNet).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the needs of the investigation and in order to address the pan-European lack of comparable data on violence against women, the participating teams sought and contributed as up-to-date data as possible through requests to the relevant authorities in each country for the period 2014-2023. Data were analysed based on two primary sources: the reports of the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/publications-resources\/publications\/eiges-indicators-intimate-partner-violence-rape-and-femicide-eu-state-play\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> European Institute for Gender Equality<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><b>EIGE<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> - provided data up to 2018) and <\/span><b>EUROSTAT <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(data up to 2021). EIGE focuses on indicators measuring intimate partner violence, rape and femicide, while Eurostat focuses on intentional homicides, paying particular attention to the victim-offender relationship (partner or family member). It should be noted that EIGE considers this definition of intentional homicide by a partner or relative to be the closest to femicide. In our analysis we only included data that we were confident were consistent with EIGE standards.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By counting femicides based on data analysed to EIGE standards, we estimate at least <\/span><b>4221<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> victims in Europe between 2012-2022 (comparable data for Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Ireland, Poland and Romania are not available and not all countries have data for every year).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-100px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" min_height=\"132px\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17033154\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If anything, the above figure gives evidence of <\/span><b>underreporting of femicide<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by police authorities. This is because Eurostat's crime statistics show that in Europe, in a total of 27 countries, <\/span><b>14143 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intentional homicides of women happened in the same decade (regardless of the perpetrator). Of these, based on available data we analysed (for 19 countries), at least <\/span><b>6754 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are intentional homicides of women by current\/former partners (<\/span><b>4334<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and family members (<\/span><b>2472<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). One realises that if there is more diligence in data collection and proper recording of the victim-perpetrator relationship by the police, then the resulting number of femicides could prove to be truly staggering.<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][box] <strong>Definition of Femicide<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Femicide - <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/gender-based-violence\/femicide?language_content_entity=en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The European Institute for Gender Equality <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(EIGE) explains \u201cFemicide is broadly defined as the killing of a woman or girl because of her gender, and can take different forms\u201d. It is worth mentioning that EIGE adopts the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/thesaurus\/terms\/1128\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">statistical definition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of \u201cthe killing of a woman by an intimate partner and the death of a woman as a result of a practice that is harmful to women\u201d, and places crimes pertaining to these characteristics to \u201cIndicator 9\u201d which measures the deaths of female femicide victims aged 18 and older. In Greece there is no specific law for the criminal prosecution of the act of femicide, and so the phenomenon is monitored in the country through the collection of data regarding the female victims of intentional homicide, while the relationship with the perpetrator is generated in combination with the law for the handling of domestic violence.<\/span><\/p><p>[\/box][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"14px||12px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" min_height=\"273px\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17026273\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"30px||3px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-30px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"2px||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<b>2 femicides per month in Greece<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the most updated figures we received from the Hellenic Police, the number of female victims of intentional homicides by male partners in 2024 was already <\/span><b>5<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> until February 29th.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on the most recently released femicide data for 2022 (EIGE standards), Greece saw a 4.3% increase compared to 2021, from 23 to 24 victims, confirming that at least 2 women per month died at the hands of a partner and\/or someone in their domestic environment. Germany also showed a significant increase (22%). France and Italy had a decrease of 3.3% and 12.9% respectively compared to 2021, but still have a significantly high number of female victims of femicide (118 and 61 victims respectively in 2022). On the other hand, Slovakia and Cyprus - which remains the only EU country where femicide is recognised as a specific crime as of 2022 - saw a large decrease 50% and 60% respectively.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"5px||1px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"11px||6px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17038863\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"38px|||||\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-30px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"5px||8px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"27px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the data updated for 2021 in the Eurostat database on female intentional homicides by male partners, it appears that Greece recorded the largest increase (200%) in 2021 compared to 2020 and 4.3% in 2022 compared to 2021.\u00a0 The other four countries that recorded an increase in 2021 were Lithuania ( 83.3%), Sweden (15.4%), Italy (4.5%) and France (4.3%).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In terms of the highest increases for the decade 2012 to 2022, data analysed by EIGE standards show that Greece had the highest increase in femicides in 2021 with an increase of 155.6% to 23 femicides compared to 9 in 2020 (note: in last year's report the number of victims for 2020 was estimated as 8 by police). The second highest number is in Sweden, which saw a 120% increase in 2018 (22 femicides) compared to 2017 (10), followed by Slovakia, which saw a 66.7% increase in 2020, and Croatia with 28.6% compared to 2019.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on newly available data for 2021, the European average number for femicides by intimate partners (EIGE) per 100.000 women (based on the 10 countries that provided data) is 0.39, a figure that corresponds to almost 4 women per million. Based on Eurostat, the average number of intentional female homicides by an intimate partner in 2021 for the exact same countries as EIGE is 2.4 per 100.000 women, a number that is lower than the official data we collected from national authorities for these countries, which could be indicative of how femicides are not correctly reported to Eurostat.<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17037856\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2021 and 2022 a total of 735 women were murdered by their intimate partner. Overall, the year with the most women killed by their partner was 2017 with a total of 566 women (EIGE standards), a percentage change of 1.6%.\u00a0 The same year also saw the highest number (785) of female intentional homicides (Eurostat) by a male family member and a partner, and the highest number of female intentional homicides by a partner (511). The high number of recorded femicides in both EIGE and EUROSTAT could perhaps be explained by improved data collection on behalf of police authorities or it could highlight a bigger problem for 2017, since a steady rise of homicides was recorded in the previous years both in EIGE and in EUROSTAT data.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Unofficial sources are better at monitoring<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the purposes of the investigation the participating teams also collected data from unofficial sources, such as local monitoring groups for the recording of femicides. Such organizations mostly monitor media coverage with the aim of countering the underreporting of violence against women. This choice was made in order to compare the official number of femicides with the unofficial one.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17061046\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"44px||1px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-30px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"4px||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"5px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For 2020 and 2021, the non-official number of femicides recorded by the\u00a0Greek section of the\u00a0European Observatory on Femicide was higher in Greece than the official number by 2.1 times in 2020 (19 vs. 9 victims), 1.34 times in 2021 (31 vs. 23) and 1 in 2022 (25 vs. 24).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method also allows us to gain insight into countries such as Belgium that does not have any recent data in the Eurostat or Eige databases. However non-official sources estimate 101 femicides took place from 2020 to 2023 (source: \"Stop Feminicide Belgie\"). Significantly higher numbers of femicides compared to official sources are estimated for recent years by non-official sources in Italy, France and Spain.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Violence of all forms against women in Greece is on the rise<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Femicides are often the last and irreversible stage in a process of escalating violence from the perpetrators to the victim, as the recent case in Salamina has proved. For the data investigation we analysed other indicators relating to physical, psychological, economic and sexual violence in order to highlight the variation in the number of women victims of each form of violence in recent years across Europe.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In terms of physical and sexual violence, in Greece the pandemic period was characterized by a frightening increase (110.2%) in victims of physical violence in 2020 (3609 women) and 70.9% in 2021 (6166 women), while victims of sexual violence had increased in the same two-year period from 69 to 147. The evolution of the phenomenon is even more disheartening for 2022, where a 20.5% increase in physical violence was recorded with 7430 victims, and an explosion in sexual violence (268.7%) with 542 female victims.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In contrast, Cyprus -in the year when it legally ratified femicide- saw a 9% decrease in physical violence incidents with 1752 victims in 2022 from 1925 in 2021, when it had seen a 78.9% increase in physical violence incidents compared to 2020 (1076 victims).<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17038943\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"50px||2px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-50px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"30px||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-32px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"45px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greece in 2021 and 2020 was, based on available data, the country with the highest increase in psychological violence: 108.4% and 104.6% respectively. This trend continued in 2022, where there was an increase of 28%. In psychological violence in 2022, Slovakia recorded an increase of 4.1%, while Italy and Cyprus recorded a decrease of 0.3% and 5.2% respectively. EIGE has repeatedly highlighted the significant increase in psychological violence during and after the pandemic.<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cData-collection systems across the EU member States remain very heterogeneous, as they are grounded in national crime statistics or other administrative data sources on homicide (from the judiciary or health system) or from non-governmental organisations\u2019 media analysis. Therefore, data is not comparable, making measurement across member states currently not possible\u201d, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">explains <\/span><b>Cristina Fabre Rosell<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0who works as Gender-based Violence Team Leader at the European Institute for Gender Equality, adding that gender-based violent crimes remain under-reported. This makes tackling violence against women and developing policies that reinforce gender equality problematic. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/gender-equality-index\/2023\/country\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender Equality Index for 2023<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is indicative of this, as countries such as Greece, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania that are at the bottom of the list, do seem to have problems in addressing violence against women.<\/span><\/p><p>When it comes to economic violence against women in Europe (this is the suffocating financial control or financial bleeding that a man may exert towards his current or former partner), based on available data (2019-2022), four countries show decreases in victims: Serbia, Germany, Croatia and Slovakia. Greece had no data available at all before 2021, but in 2022, <b>1626<\/b> women victims of economic violence were recorded for the first time in our country.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, as revealed by the investigation, there is a remarkable Europe-wide increase in the appeal for help from victims of domestic violence or third parties to national support lines, such as the \"SOS 15900 Line\" in Greece. For 2022, the largest increases are found in Spain (21.51%), Greece (17.28%) and Ireland (19.66%). However, in 2023 in Greece, unlike other countries, a decrease (-21.62%) was observed (-21.62%), without knowing whether this is related to fewer incidents of violence or a tendency to avoid calling for help on the part of women.\u00a0<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"18px||13px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"12px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Code\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17026151\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p>[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"127px\" custom_margin=\"-45px|auto|-6px|auto|false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-20px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||25px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<b>Defenseless against rape and sexual assault<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The area that most reveals the plight of women in Europe, and the one that causes the greatest political tension, is that of rape.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Greece, rapes increased by 34.1% in 2022 (from 226 to 303 women) and 79.4% in 2021. Police data for 2023 indicates towards a consolidation of the high number of victims (294 women).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spain recorded a significant increase in rapes in 2022 (140.7%), while the Czech Republic had a large increase in both years (25.9% in 2021, 11.1% in 2022). Slovakia (7.5%), Croatia (11.3%), Cyprus (5.6%), Ireland (3.2%) and Romania (2%) also recorded an increase in rapes in 2022.\u00a0<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"|auto|-10px|auto||\" custom_padding=\"8px||5px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-map\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17038091\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"1px|auto||auto||\" custom_padding=\"||3px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"-20px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"29px||26px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aggregated data from Eurostat's database shows that 2021 was the year with the highest number of rapes in Europe - a total of <\/span><b>61,059<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and an <\/span><b>increase in 17<\/b> <b>of the member states<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, confirming the findings of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/the-undeclared-war-on-women-in-europe-part-1\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MIIR\u2019s 2023 investigation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of an increase in violence against women with the end of the pandemic. The number is likely to be higher as rape is considered a crime that is systematically underreported by police authorities, and there are significant differences between the definition of rape. A prominent example is Hungary where changing legislation now includes rape within the crime of sexual assault, without distinguishing between different victims. Among the countries with consistently high numbers of rapes per 100,000 women between 2012-2022 are Sweden, France, Denmark, Finland and Austria. For 2022 in Europe the average number of female rape victims per 100,000 women is almost 12.<\/span><\/p><p>Apart from the extent of the phenomenon, we also analysed the evolution in the penal treatment of perpetrators of rape and sexual assault over time.<\/p><p>\u00a0[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"2px|auto||auto||\" custom_padding=\"1px||6px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"8px|||||\" custom_padding=\"0px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"19px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17062574\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With regards to rape, by calculating the median percentage change in the number of female rape victims and that of perpetrators prosecuted for rape, we can observe that the increases or decreases tend to follow each other. Serbia has a median change of -4.7% for rape prosecuted perpetrators and a median change of 6.9% for rape victims. Finland had a median change of 8.4% in the number of rape victims and a median change of -2.2% in the number of perpetrators prosecuted for rape. Both countries have a smaller difference in the median percentage changes when it comes to rapes than sexual assaults.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Rape as a field of confrontation<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issue of rape has significantly divided the European Union, as shown by the recent negotiations to reach an agreement across member states on the new EU Directive on combatting violence against women and domestic violence, initially proposed two years ago.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On February 6, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20240205IPR17412\/first-ever-eu-rules-on-combating-violence-against-women-deal-reached\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a provisional agreement was finally reached <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">between the European Parliament and Council on EU-wide rules to combat gender-based violence and protect its victims, especially women and victims of domestic violence. It includes minimum standard rules on the protection of women victims of violence, criminalisation of certain forms of gender-based violence, tougher rules on cyber violence, better access to justice, protection and prevention, as well as establishing enhanced reporting and evidence gathering by authorities.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the adoption of a controversial article on rape (Article 5), which would have made any sexual act without consent a criminal offence, was not achieved.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Patriarchy<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Firstly, it is a directive covering many criminal law aspects so negotiations took more time. Secondly working on women\u2019s rights is always difficult because of patriarchal structures that are still guiding our societies unfortunately. The main obstacle was to get consent based rape legislation included which we did not manage to get in the end. There was a lot of resistance from several member states to this even though rape is the most widespread and serious form of gender based violence<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, explains Swedish <\/span><b>MEP Evin Incir<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (S&D), who is the European Parliament\u2019s co-chief rapporteur on gender-based violence in the committee on civil liberties (LIBE).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an interview with MIIR, MEP Incir added that <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cthe concept of 'rape' is highly debated due to deep-rooted patriarchal norms in society. It's challenging to reach an agreement that defines sex without consent as rape, as outlined in the Istanbul Convention. However, we're optimistic that our recent negotiation success in including a provision on preventing rape based on lack of consent, will prompt a shift in societal attitudes across Europe. This, in turn, could generate the necessary pressure for national governments to update their legal definitions to align with international human rights standards, such as those set forth in the Istanbul Convention. Looking ahead, we anticipate the European Commission to propose new legislation specifically addressing rape, building upon this progress<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/p><p><b>The far right (also) threatens women<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MEP Incir explains that the significance of the Directive \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is further underscored by the looming threat of a right-wing surge in the EU, emphasizing the imperative for such protective measures. While it may not meet all our aspirations, this directive sets a foundational standard and serves as a starting point for progress, reinforcing the commitment to never regress on these critical advancements\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This concern about the changing political and social environment in Europe in relation to the increase in violence against women is also expressed by <\/span><b>Cristina Fabre Rosell, EIGE\u2019s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gender-based Violence Team Leader, who told MIIR that \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two years after the Covid pandemic we don't know if it's still because of it, or because extreme forms of violence against women have increased due to different causes that are also related to the increase of the far right movements and the anti-gender narrative. We need to do more research on this, for me rape is a burning form of violence that demands our attentionFirst and foremost we must work towards better prevention<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<\/span><\/p><p><b>The missed opportunity in Greece<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Directive is expected to be formally adopted by the European Parliament and the Council and then,\u00a0 in the near future, enter into force. Member states will then have three years to implement it. In Greece an attempt to regulate prevention and combatting domestic violence against women came with the recent bill of the Ministry of Justice, which was voted in parliament with rapid procedures, focusing on the tightening of penalties for domestic violence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significant organisations and collectives (European Anti-Violence Network, Diotima Centre, Mov, etc.) denounced the fact that their comments in the consultation process before the bill was passed were not taken into account. Most importantly, they denounced the introduction of amendments to the draft law which did not take into account the urgent recommendations of the <\/span><b>GREVIO Committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (the independent authority monitoring the implementation of the Council of Europe's Istanbul Convention) to the Greek government, as reflected in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/grevio-s-baseline-evaluation-report-on-legislative-and-other-measures-\/1680ad469d\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the first evaluation report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> delivered to the Greek authorities last November.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among GREVIO's recommendations is the need for the Greek authorities to:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significantly strengthen the coordination of the response to the needs of women victims of all forms of violence.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Support and further develop the network of specialised support services and adequately address the needs of all women victims of all forms of violence.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expand the number and capacity of shelters for women victims of violence throughout the country - currently there are only 20 shelters for women victims of violence, with a total capacity of around 450 individual beds.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that accommodation is available to women in emergency situations.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure that women victims of violence have adequate access to social services that meet their needs and facilitate their recovery from violence.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Move forward with the establishment of rape crisis centres and\/or sexual violence referral centres that provide immediate medical care, trauma support, forensic examinations and immediate, short- and long-term psychological support.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Dr Kiki Petroulaki<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, psychologist and chair of the Board of the European Ant-Violence Network, explains that apart from the significant gaps in the protection of victims of abuse, the bill does not clarify the concept of consent in the definition of Rape, and it does not state that any sexual act or behaviour must be the product of free will. Thus lewd acts may be tried as misdemeanors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is also no provision in the new law for speeding up procedures and to prioritise trials for domestic violence incidents, although since November 2021, a circular issued by the Supreme Court prosecutor, Vasilis Pliotas, called on prosecutors to intervene imminently, to further the process of arresting the presumed perpetrators of such crimes and for the related criminal cases to be heard as a matter of priority in court, so as to avoid all delays in delivering justice.\u00a0In fact, the circular explicitly mentioned the term \u201cfemicide\u201d - the first time a senior prosecutor had made an argument for the legal adoption of the term in Greece - and also called for victims of domestic violence to be supported when reporting violent behaviour against them.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Impunity<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the needs of the data investigation we tried to estimate the proportion of male offenders who are prosecuted for violence against women and end up in prison.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on our analysis, Greece has an extremely low and disproportionate conviction rate for domestic violence perpetrators compared to the number of prosecutions. In 2017 the conviction rate was 2.9%, in 2018 it was 2% and in 2019 it was 1.9%. In 2021 the rate increased to 3.2%. This means that just <\/span><b>3 in 100 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">men who are criminally prosecuted, are then convicted to imprisonment. The Greek authorities did not offer data for 2022.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-table\" data-src=\"visualisation\/17040942\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div><p>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analysing data (EIGE) on average in Lithuania the estimate is 21%, in Croatia 22.26% and in Spain 30%.\u00a0 Spain has an overall steady increase in the number of convictions each year, with a 28.3% increase in 2015 compared to 2014, 29.6% in 2016 compared to 2015, 30.3% in 2017 compared to 2016 and 31% in 2018 compared to 2017. Croatia also shows an almost continuous increase in convictions. In 2015 it had an increase of 21.5% compared to 2014 and reached an increase of 22.9% in 2018 compared to 2017.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is worth noting that the absolute figures may not fully reflect the situation in the reference year and that there may be anomalies in the data. For example, the registration of an offender in 2020 does not mean that the offense was committed in 2020, and similarly the imprisonment of an offender in 2020 does not mean that he committed the offense in the same year. For this reason, these rates are a relative estimate of the relationship between prosecutions and imprisonment of perpetrators of crimes of violence against women, recorded in a given time period, and should be interpreted as an indicator of a trend.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I don't think that manifestations of violence against women should be misdemeanours. Criminalisation is a way of dealing with violence. But criminalisation without prevention doesn't work. We can't rely on tightening penalties without prevention measures. This can have the opposite effect, such as increasing hatred against women. This is not the way to change attitudes, we see it with femicide, where harsh penalties do not prevent men from killing women\u201d,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> says EIGE\u2019s <\/span><b>Cristina Fabre Rosell,\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adding that member states need to invest in cross-sectoral cooperation between competent authorities.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Secondary victimisation\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u03a4he communication gap between the relevant agencies, according to Dr Petroulaki, leaves women completely unprotected and vulnerable to secondary victimisation in a lengthy criminal procedure, which, she points out, is not monitored over time in its entirety. \u201cEven if a restraining order has been granted, who monitors its implementation and what happens if it is violated? No one and nothing\u201d, she states. This in turn exacerbates the feeling of impunity among perpetrators, who repeat and escalate the pattern of violence and, as the data shows, even go as far as femicide.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the same impunity that armed the hand of the murderer of 43-year-old Georgia last December in Salamina.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/\u0393\u03b9\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1_\u0398\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1-\u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2.jpg\" title_text=\"\u0393\u03b9\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1_\u0398\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" filter_saturate=\"0%\" filter_contrast=\"116%\" box_shadow_style=\"preset5\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">One of the last photos posted by Georgia Poutou on Facebook 6 days before the murder<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"446px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[box] <strong>Investigation id<\/strong><\/p><p>\u03a4his cross-border data-based investigation was organised and coordinated by the Mediterranean Institute for Investigative Journalism (<a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/\">MIIR.gr<\/a>) within the framework of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europeandatajournalism.eu\/\">European Data Journalism Network (EDJNet)<\/a>.<\/p><p>Data analysis and visualisations was conducted by Konstantina Maltepioti - MIIR.<br \/>Data analysis check was performed by EUrologus\/HVG.<br \/>Illustrations were prepared by Louiza Karageorgiou.<\/p><p>15 EDJNet members participated in this investigation, which was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024:\u00a0MIIR (Greece),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elconfidencial.com\/\">El Confidencial<\/a>\u00a0(Spain),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alternatives-economiques.fr\/\">Alternatives Economiques<\/a>\u00a0(France),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesoir.be\/\">Le Soir<\/a>\u00a0(Belgium),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/divergente.pt\/en\/\">Divergente<\/a>\u00a0(Portugal),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/voxeurop.eu\/en\/\">VoxEurop<\/a>\u00a0(Belgium, Italy, Luxemburg),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/podcrto.si\/\">Pod \u010drto<\/a>\u00a0(Slovenia),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.noteworthy.ie\/\">Noteworthy<\/a>\u00a0(Ireland),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hvg.hu\/eurologus\">EUrologus\/HVG<\/a>\u00a0(Hungary),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/denikreferendum.cz\/\">Den\u00edk Referendum<\/a>\u00a0(Czechia),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pressone.ro\/\">PressOne<\/a>\u00a0(Romania),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.delfi.lt\/en\/\">Delfi<\/a>\u00a0(Lithuania),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dennikn.sk\/\">Dennik N<\/a>\u00a0(Slovakia),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.balcanicaucaso.org\/eng\">OBC Transeuropa<\/a>\u00a0(Croatia) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/biqdata.wyborcza.pl\/biqdata\/0,0.html\">BIQdata\/Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a>\u00a0(Poland).<\/p><p>The investigation is published on March 8 2024 on <a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\">miir.gr<\/a> and EfSyn Newspaper, as well as on EDJNet and partners websites.<br \/>[\/box][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][box]<\/p><p><b>The Methodology of the Investigation<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following up on last year's <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/the-undeclared-war-on-women-in-europe-part-1\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Undeclared War on Women\" investigation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that looked at the pandemic period, MIIR, together with a total of 14 European media outlets within the framework of\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europeandatajournalism.eu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EDJNet<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, attempted to generate the most up to date map of violence against women in Europe today. By requesting statistical figures from the competent national authorities for the years 2012-2023, MIIR created a new database which contains important findings for the direction of gender-based violence in European countries.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The research was based on two primary data sources. The first of these are the EIGE indicators for recording intimate partner violence against women and femicide by male perpetrators, as included in the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/publications\/gender-equality-index-2021-report\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2021 Gender Equality Report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which includes data up to 2018. EIGE defines \u201cintimate partner violence\u201d as any act of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence that occurs between former or current spouses or partners, regardless of whether they live in the same house. The teams participating in the investigation sought and contributed as up-to-date data as possible, which was audited based on EIGE guidelines.\u00a0As a second source and tool for informal \u201cverification\u201d of the results, Eurostat databases were used, providing data for the crimes of intentional homicides, rapes and sexual assaults, where the perpetrator is a partner or family member, up until 2021, as well as some details on the criminal sanctions against perpetrators. In the case of Greece, data was collected from the General Secretariat for Gender Equality, which in turn collected data from the Hellenic Police and the Ministry of Justice.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For more reliable results, due to both incomplete data and different methods of recording femicides based on the EIGE index from country to country, a choice was made to compare not absolute numbers but rather the percentage change in femicides between years, for those countries with available data. In addition, the data was extrapolated to comparable rates per 100,000 population.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For more on the methodology of the investigation, you can read <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lab.imedd.org\/en\/femicides-methodology\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the report by Thanasis Troboukis and iMEdD Lab<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, who conducted the data analysis and visualizations in 2023.<\/span><\/p><p>[\/box][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Image-2-1.jpg\" title_text=\"Image-2\" _builder_version=\"4.19.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_image=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Image-2-1.jpg\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[78,72],"tags":[423,424,298,294,295,292,293,241,109,52],"class_list":["post-15008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investigations-featured","category-investigations","tag-homicides","tag-intimate-partner","tag-femicide-en","tag-rape","tag-assault","tag-femicides","tag-violence","tag-women","tag-edjnet-2","tag-miir"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Femicides and violence against women in Europe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Trapped in Darkness: New data investigation by MIIR on femicides and the ineffective protection of women against violence in Greece &amp; Europe.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Femicides and violence against women in Europe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Trapped in Darkness: New data investigation by MIIR on femicides and the ineffective protection of women against violence in Greece &amp; Europe.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MIIR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-03-08T16:50:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-17T09:13:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cover-4.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"zanin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"zanin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"22 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/\",\"name\":\"Femicides and violence against women in Europe\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cover-4.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-08T16:50:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-17T09:13:25+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#\/schema\/person\/723ce21ae02425e128cd1730c9e751f0\"},\"description\":\"Trapped in Darkness: New data investigation by MIIR on femicides and the ineffective protection of women against violence in Greece & Europe.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cover-4.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cover-4.png\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":960,\"caption\":\"femicides and violence against women\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Trapped in Darkness: Women in Europe remain defenseless against gender-based violence\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/\",\"name\":\"MIIR\",\"description\":\"Mediterranean Institute for Investigative Reporting\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#\/schema\/person\/723ce21ae02425e128cd1730c9e751f0\",\"name\":\"zanin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8f4bda519a51621fab1f93a48d3ea3e874b56a3ec5742c9c174dd2f757af530b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8f4bda519a51621fab1f93a48d3ea3e874b56a3ec5742c9c174dd2f757af530b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"zanin\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/author\/zanin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Femicides and violence against women in Europe","description":"Trapped in Darkness: New data investigation by MIIR on femicides and the ineffective protection of women against violence in Greece & Europe.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Femicides and violence against women in Europe","og_description":"Trapped in Darkness: New data investigation by MIIR on femicides and the ineffective protection of women against violence in Greece & Europe.","og_url":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/","og_site_name":"MIIR","article_published_time":"2024-03-08T16:50:12+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-04-17T09:13:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":960,"url":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cover-4.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"zanin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"zanin","Est. reading time":"22 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/","url":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/","name":"Femicides and violence against women in Europe","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cover-4.png","datePublished":"2024-03-08T16:50:12+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-17T09:13:25+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#\/schema\/person\/723ce21ae02425e128cd1730c9e751f0"},"description":"Trapped in Darkness: New data investigation by MIIR on femicides and the ineffective protection of women against violence in Greece & Europe.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cover-4.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cover-4.png","width":1920,"height":960,"caption":"femicides and violence against women"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/femicides-violence-against-women-in-europe\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Trapped in Darkness: Women in Europe remain defenseless against gender-based violence"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/","name":"MIIR","description":"Mediterranean Institute for Investigative Reporting","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#\/schema\/person\/723ce21ae02425e128cd1730c9e751f0","name":"zanin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8f4bda519a51621fab1f93a48d3ea3e874b56a3ec5742c9c174dd2f757af530b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8f4bda519a51621fab1f93a48d3ea3e874b56a3ec5742c9c174dd2f757af530b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"zanin"},"url":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/author\/zanin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15008"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15272,"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15008\/revisions\/15272"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miir.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}